Mississippi: 5th Cavalry Regiment
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Unit History
Organized by the increase of the 19th (Georges') Cavalry Battalion, State Troops to a regiment in the fall of 1863.
Companies C, D, E, H, and K in field consolidation with the 18th Cavalry Regiment from February 18 to May 4, 1865.
Surrendered by Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor, commanding the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana, at Meridian, Mississippi on May 4, 1865.
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Colonel James Z. George. Lieutenant-Colonels -- James A. Barksdale, killed at Okolona; Wiley M. Reed, Nathaniel Wickliffe, P.H. Echols. Majors: W.G. Henderson, William B. Peery. Surgeon: George W. Henderson, promoted as Chief Surgeon, Chalmer’s Division, November 9, 1864.
In his report of operations preceding the raid on Colliersville, on October 1863, General Chalmers wrote that when he moved from Oxford to Salem on the 5th, he left "the new regiment, commanded by Colonel George, which was not fully organized, to picket the river." The regiment did not take part in the raid into Tennessee, but Colonel George with 60 men met the forces on their retreat and participated in the fight at Wyatt, on October 13, first along the main street of the town and next at a ford of the river above the main crossing, where he drove away a Federal picket.
After the Confederate forces began to retreat, George and a few of his men returned and were on guard in the breastworks near Wyatt until four in the morning, when it was discovered that the Federals also were falling back. On October 22, Chalmers reported the regiment 350 strong. "Colonel George’s regiment of cavalry" was assigned to Slemon’s Brigade of Chalmer’s command, on October 18, when Chalmers made his headquarters at Abbeville after the Collierville Raid.
On November 3, 1863, Chalmer’s made a second attempt at Collierville, his command then consisting of McCulloch’s Brigade -- Hovis’ Partisans, McCulloch’s Missourians and Chalmers’ Battalion, and Slemon’s Brigade -- George’s and Barksdale’s Regiments and 2nd Arkansas. The plan of Chalmers was to make a demonstration upon Collierville, to hold the Union cavalry while Ferguson and Gholson broke the railroad west of Corinth, over which troops were being carried toward Chattanooga.
Chalmers reported that his scouts informed him that Collierville was held by a single regiment of cavalry, "and feeling able to encounter, even behind entrenchments, the two regiments of cavalry, I changed my plan and determined to attack Collierville." There arriving, he ordered an assault, "but we discovered at the first fire that the enemy were in position with infantry, artillery and cavalry, and I determined at once to draw off as soon as we could do so successfully." The town was held by eight companies of the 7th Illinois with two howitzers, but Hatch was at Germantown with the 6th Illinois and 2nd Iowa, and with this force on the gallop, he arrived at Collierville in time to meet the assault.
The Iowa Regiment dismounted, took position at the railroad, with their howitzers, and received the attack of Slemons' Brigade, Colonel George's Regiment on the right, at the Mount Pleasant road, Barksdale on the left, with the Arkansans, dismounted, as flankers. "Mounted and dismounted men came forward in fine style," Hatch reported, "the howitzers of the Second Iowa firing rapidly. The regiment, lying on the ground, waited till the enemy's cavalry were within fifty yards, sprang to their feet and poured in a severe fire from revolving rifles. A few men reached the guns; among them General George and two officers."
Slemons reported that this fatal fire was from "rifle pits of the existence of which he was totally ignorant." The attack by McCulloch on the other side served to screen his withdrawal, and the whole command fell back to the Coldwater, where there was a brisk fight until after dark, for the possession of the bridge. Hatch reported that he was not able to force a crossing until the next morning, when he pursued as far as Chulahoma. Chalmers reported his loss as 6 killed, 63 wounded, 26 prisoners. "Among the last Col. J. Z. George and my Chief Surgeon, Dr. William H. Beaty. Colonel George led the charge made by Slemons' Brigade and rode into the town, followed by Captain Scales and Lieutenant Lamkin of his regiment and a few of his men."
The other casualties of the regiment were 4 killed, 14 wounded. Hatch reported a less of 60 and the taking of 57 prisoners.
Early in December, the regiment participated in another raid against the railroad, Chalmers' command cooperating with the movements of S. D. Lee and Forrest. One company of the 5th Regiment was in the gallant fight made at the Wolf River bridge, on December 4, by Colonel McCulloch, against Hatch's Cavalry, in which Hatch was severely wounded.
Fifth Regiment, Col. James Z. George, part of Slemons' Brigade of Chalmers' Division, in organization of cavalry under Maj.-Gen. S. D. Lee, January, 1864. General Forrest brigaded the regiment under Col. Jeff E. Forrest. The regiment was with General Forrest in the Okolona campaign of February 1864, which resulted in the defeat of Gen. Sooy Smith's expedition from Memphis, at the time General Sherman advanced from Vicksburg to Meridian.
In the desperate fight about five miles from Okolona, on February 22, where Colonel Forrest was killed, Lieutenant-Colonel James A. Barksdale, commanding the regiment, fell mortally wounded. The casualties of the regiment were 3 killed, 3 wounded, 3 missing. The regiment was with Chalmers and Forrest in the famous Tennessee raid of March and April 1864.
In the assault upon Fort Pillow, on April 12, Lieut.-Col. Wiley M. Reed, temporarily commanding George's Regiment, was "shot in three places," General Forrest reported, "and it is feared that his wounds may prove mortal. The country can ill afford to lose the services of so good and brave an officer at this time."
In the engagements between Pontotoc and Tupelo, between July 10-15, 1864, including the battle of Harrisburg, the regiment had 5 killed, 7 wounded. The regiment was with Wade’s Brigade in August 1864, contesting the advance of Hatch's Federal Division to Oxford, the main part of which town was burned on August 22. They skirmished with the raiders in front of Oxford, and on August 23, attacked the retreating column at Abbeville, where the 5th Regiment fought dismounted, and lost 4 killed, 10 wounded, 12 missing.
Return of May 10, 1864, 5th Mississippi, Capt. William B. Peery, in McCulloch's Brigade, Forrest’s Cavalry. General Chalmers' assigned Lieut.-Col. N. Wickliffe to command, on May 12. He was relieved at his own request, on August 15. Maj. W. G. Henderson commanding, in Forrest's organization of August 30. Maj. William B. Peery commanding, August 31 return.
General Chalmers advanced within five miles of Memphis, on October 8, but finding no opportunity for surprise, moved into West Tennessee with his escort and the 5th Regiment.
When General Forrest took command at Florence, Ala., of Jackson's Division (with Hood's army) and his own, for the campaign in Tennessee, General Chalmers joined him with Rucker's Brigade, which included the 5th Mississippi, with Alabama and Tennessee commands. They crossed the Tennessee River at Florence on November 17, 1864, and remained several days on Shoal Creek, during which time they had several skirmishes, part of their wagon train being taken and retaken.
They began the march north November 21, and on November 23, fought Capron's Brigade at Henryville, capturing 65 Union prisoners. Forrest aided them by a charge with his escort. The next day, they pursued the Federal cavalry into Columbia, taking 30 prisoners, but losing Colonel Dawson, of the Tennessee Regiment, killed.
They skirmished about Columbia until the evacuation on November 28, when they moved toward Franklin and struck the head of the Federal column toward Spring Hill, and, supported by Jackson and Buford, holding it in check several hours. In the night they were sent to intercept a Federal column, supposed to be on another road, but found nothing, the Federals moving on in the night, past the Confederate infantry, on the road upon which Rucker and Chalmers had met them.
On
November 30, in the assault upon the intrenched lines at Franklin, Rucker's Brigade formed on the extreme left of the line. After driving in the outposts, Chalmers reported: "My line was pressed forward until the skirmishers were within sixty yards of the fortifications, but my force was too small to justify an attempt to storm them, and I could only hold my position, which we did during the night and an early hour in the morning, when the skirmish line was pushed forward and was the first to enter the town, capturing some 20 prisoners. Our loss up to this time 116 killed and wounded." The casualties of the 5th Regiment, included in this total, were 2 killed, 8 wounded.
On
December 3, Rucker's Brigade took position on the Hillsboro Pike near Nashville, where the Federal troops were concentrated, and on the 6th, being relieved by infantry, moved, with two additional pieces of artillery, to the Charlotte pike, to blockade the Cumberland River. A monitor defeated and driven back on the 7th and other gunboats on other occasions.
On
December 14, Chalmers and Rucker, with Ector’s Brigade, held a line of about four miles with 900 men. The Federal attack of the 15th opened up the Harding pike and Chalmers’ ordnance train was taken, the Federals advancing in his rear. Rucker had been lighting a gunboat on the river and cavalry on the Charlotte pike, but his men made good their retreat and were cut off from the army until December 16, when they received orders, and moving promptly to Brentwood, rendered valuable services in protecting the wagon trains.
In the evening of that day, under orders to hold the Granny White pike at all hazards, Rucker's Brigade fought desperately until after dark, when they were driven toward the Franklin pike, Rucker being wounded and captured in the hand-to-hand struggle. The loss of these two days was heavy. The remnant of the brigade was with Forrest and the rear guard on the retreat to the Tennessee River.
Companies A, B, F, G, I, of Fifth Cavalry, assigned to Armstrong’s Brigade, Chalmers’ Cavalry, February 1865. Companies C, D, E, H, K, 5th Mississippi Cavalry, with Lieut.-Col. A. H. Chalmers, assigned to Starke's Brigade, February 1865.
On March 1, the regiment having been consolidated, Capt. W. B. Peery, Company A, being over military age, was relieved from duty, at his own request.
In an order, written on March 16, General Chalmers said: "There being no field officers of the Fifth Mississippi Cavalry present and able for duty and only two companies of that regiment having 32 men present, the companies composing that regiment and not included in this order (consolidating E, H and K with Chalmers' Battalion), have been consolidated with other companies and regiments from the same State."
On May 7, Gem J. H. Wilson ordered an officer sent to Forsyth, Ga., to receive the surrender of the 5th Mississippi Cavalry.
Field and Staff
- Colonel: James Z. George (Colonel)
- Lieutenant Colonel: James A. Barksdale, William T. Nesbit, Wiley M. Reed, and Nathaniel Wickliffe
- Major: P.H. Echols, William G. Henderson, and William B. Peery
Assignments
- October 1863-January 1864: Slemon's Brigade, Chalmer's Division, Lee's Cavalry Corps, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana
- January-March 1864: Slemon's Brigade, Chalmer's Division, Lee's Cavalry Corps, Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana
- March-September 1864: McCulloch's-Wade's-McColloch's Brigade, Chalmer's Division, Forrest's Cavalry Corps, Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana
- September-October 1864: Unattached, Chalmer's Division, Forrest's Cavalry Corps, Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana
- November 1864-February 1865: Mabry's Brigade, Northern Sub-district, District of Mississippi and East Louisiana, Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana
- February-May 1865: Armstrong's Brigade, Chalmer's Division, Forrest's Cavalry Corps, Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana [Companies A,B,F,G, abd I]
- February-May 1865: Starke's Brigade, Chalmer's Division, Forrest's Cavalry Corps, Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana [Companies C,D,E,H, and K]
Companies & Counties of Origin
| Company | Counties Formed From | Also Known As |
| A | Carroll County | Mississippi Rangers |
| B | Carroll County | Trotter’s Company |
| C | Carroll County | Curtis’ Company |
| D | Carroll County | Scales’ Company |
| E | Attala County | Love’s Company |
| F | Madison County | Povall’s Company |
| G | Lauderdale County | Allen’s Company |
| H | Panola County | Hill’s Company |
| I | Attala County | Turner’s Company |
| K | DeSoto County | Ward’s Company |
| L | unknown | Saunders’ Company |
| - | - | - |
Battles, Skirmishes and Engagements
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