General Civil War Facts
BATTLE NAMES:
- Union troops were mainly from cities, towns, and villages. They named battles from some kind of natural object near the scene of the conflict.
- Confederate troops were chiefly from the country. They named the battles from some kind of impressive artificial object near the scene of the conflict. **For example, the battle of "1st Manassas/Bull Run". The Union army named the battle "Bull Run" from a little stream near the scene called Bull Run. The Confederate army named the battle "Manassas" because of the Manassas railroad station located near the scene.**
| Union Name | Confederate Name | |
| 1st Bull Run | → | 1st Manassas |
| Wilson's Creek | → | Oak Hills |
| Ball's Bluff | → | Leesburg |
| Logan's Cross Roads | → | Mill Springs |
| Pea Ridge | → | Elkhorn Tavern |
| Pittsburg Landing | → | Shiloh |
| Chickahominy | → | Gaines' Mill |
| 2nd Bull Run | → | 2nd Manassas |
| Chantilly | → | Ox Hill |
| South Mountain | → | Boonsboro |
| Antietam | → | Sharpsburg |
| Chaplin Hills | → | Perryville |
| Stones River | → | Murfreesboro |
| Sabine Cross Roads | → | Mansfield |
| Opequon Creek | → | Winchester |
Population in 1860
Border States and Territories:
White............................................ 3,094,700
Free Black................................... 102,587
Slaves.......................................... 427,647
Total............................................. 3,624,934
Union States:
White........................................... 18,459,151
Black........................................... 252,629
Slaves......................................... 5,003
Total............................................ 18,715,107
Confederate States:
White............................................ 5,449,462
Free Black................................... 132,760
Slaves.......................................... 3,521,110
Total............................................. 9,103,332
MEDIA:
Reporting: More than 500 war corrospondents (reporters) from both sides covered the war.
Photographs: The Civil War was the first major war to use photographs to capture the battles. The battle of Antietam was the first battle photograhed, with the public seeing the aftermath of a battle for the first time.
____________________________________________________________
DISTRIBUTION OF WAR RESOURCES:
Population: North 23 million / South 5.5 million / 3.5 million slaves
Financial deposits: North $189 million / South $47 million
Gold/Silver on Hand: North $45 million / South $27 million
Number of factories: North 100,500 / South 20,600
Skilled Workers: North 1.1 million / South 111,000
Railroad Track Mileage: North 20,000 / South 9,000
Animal Resources: Union 365 million head / South 31 million head
____________________________________________________________
THEATERS OF WAR:
Eastern Theater- Territory in Virginia with Washington, D.C. in the north, Norfolk to the east, and Lynchburg in the west
Western Theater- Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River
Trans-Mississippi Theater- Territory west of the Mississippi River
THE 16 TYPES OF COMBAT AND NUMBER:
1. Skirmishes............... 6,337
2. Actions.....................1,026
3. Expeditions..............727
4. Affairs......................639
5. Scouts......................434
6. Engagements........... 310
7. Sieges.......................26
TOTAL........................10,455 (Military actions during the war)
The Leading States (by # of Actions):
1. Virginia.......................2,154
2. Tennessee.................. 1,462
3. Missouri......................1,162
4. Mississippi..................772
5. Arkansas.....................771
6. West Virginia..............632
7. Louisiana....................566
8. Georgia.......................549
9. Kentucky...................453
10. Alabama...................336
11. North Carolina..........313
12. South Carolina..........239
13. Maryland..................203
14. Florida......................168
15. Texas........................90
16. Indian Terr...............89
17. California..................88
18. New Mexico Terr......75
19. All Other States.........333
MILITARY FIRST in the Civil War:
1. Machinegun
2. Landmine
3. Observation Ballon/Aerial reconnaissance
4. Anti-Aircraft gun
5. Repeating rifle
6. Mounted Railroad cannon
7. Army ambulance corps
8. Naval torpedoes
8. Flame throwers
9. Successful submarines
7 UNFORTUNATE FIRSTS:
Man killed: Union Pvt. Daniel Hough: Co. E/ 1st Artillery
Man injured in combat: Nicholas Biddle: Co. A/ 27th Penn.
Man to die in combat: Union Pvts. Sumner Needham, Luther C. Ladd, Addison O. Whitney, and Charles A. Taylor...6th Mass.
Regular Army officer killed: Union Lt. J.T. Greble: 2nd Artillery
Regular Army officer wounded: Union Cpt. Judson Kilpatrick: 5th New York
General killed: Confederate Brig. Gen. Robert S. Garnett
Naval officer killed: Cdr. James H. Ward, U.S.N.
MEDAL OF HONOR:
The Medal of Honor was first established during the Civil War. It is awarded for going above and beyond the call of duty. It is the highest award possible for the military service. During the war, there were a total of 1,522 medals awarded to the men of both sides.
Army.......1,198
Navy........307
Marines.. 17
Of the total, 32 were awarded Posthumously (being awarded the medal after the person was killed).
